Unregulated gold and rare earth mining in Myanmar's Shan state is causing severe transborder pollution. Arsenic levels in the Kok and Sai rivers, tributaries of the Mekong, are far exceeding safe limits, impacting local communities and ecosystems. This pollution stems from numerous mines, some within 10 kilometers of the Thai border, operated by the United Wa State Army (UWSA). China, a major importer of Myanmar's rare earths, is implicated due to its economic influence over the UWSA, despite claiming it's not their responsibility. Activists are calling for China to pressure the UWSA to mitigate the environmental damage.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.