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Russia is tightening its grip on internet access, employing various methods to control online activity. Authorities have enacted restrictive laws, banned websites, and implemented technology to monitor and manipulate online traffic. While VPNs are used to circumvent restrictions, they are frequently blocked. Widespread cellphone internet shutdowns and a new law punishing users for searching for deemed illicit content further restrict access. The Kremlin aims to stifle foreign internet services, potentially blocking WhatsApp and promoting a heavily monitored national messaging app. Experts express alarm at the scale and effectiveness of these restrictions, noting a gradual tightening of control.

Prepared by Rachel Morgan and reviewed by editorial team.