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Iranians face ongoing internet restrictions, with disruptions to mobile and fixed-line access. Authorities are increasingly blocking VPNs, a common workaround for accessing restricted platforms like X, Facebook, and YouTube. While some users utilize multi-hop VPNs, these are also frequently disrupted. State TV issued warnings against using WhatsApp and Instagram, citing unsubstantiated claims of Israeli data access, a claim Meta denied.

Prepared by Rachel Morgan and reviewed by editorial team.