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China's nuclear arsenal grew by approximately 100 warheads in 2024, reaching an estimated 600, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). This expansion surpasses that of any other nation, contributing to a global concern about a new nuclear arms race. Despite the overall global nuclear inventory slightly decreasing to 12,241, SIPRI highlights China's rapid buildup. The US possesses 5,177 warheads, and Russia holds the largest arsenal with 5,459. China's Foreign Ministry countered, asserting that its nuclear capabilities remain at a minimum level for national security and that it does not participate in arms races.

Prepared by Rachel Morgan and reviewed by editorial team.