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China's control over critical minerals, particularly rare earths, proved a key bargaining chip in recent US-China trade talks. While both sides claim progress toward a deal involving easier access to these minerals for US industries, details remain scarce. China has approved some export licenses, but maintains its export permit system. The US, heavily reliant on China for these minerals, aims to bolster domestic production, but this will take decades. Meanwhile, China's own resources are dwindling, prompting investment in overseas facilities.

Prepared by Christopher Adams and reviewed by editorial team.