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New research reveals that penguin guano, rich in ammonia, significantly contributes to cloud formation in Antarctica. The ammonia reacts with sulfur gases from phytoplankton, increasing aerosol particles which promote cloud formation. These clouds act as insulation, reducing surface temperatures and slowing sea ice melt. Researchers measured ammonia levels near a colony of Adelie penguins, finding concentrations increased over 1000 times when the wind blew from the colony. This highlights the importance of Antarctic ecosystems in mitigating climate change and emphasizes the need for their protection.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.