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In Antananarivo, frustration over relentless power and water cuts swelled into youth-led protests met with rubber bullets and tear gas, leaving at least 22 dead, the UN says. After an elite army unit, CAPSAT, sided with demonstrators, President Andry Rajoelina fled; parliament voted to impeach him, and by Monday his resignation was confirmed as the military formed a transitional committee pledging a rapid return to civilian rule. Amid sirens and smoke, residents demanded dignity—reliable lights, running water—while a Madagascar expert warned Gen Z organizers must find spokespeople to shape what comes next.

Prepared by Lauren Mitchell and reviewed by editorial team.