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Afghanistan said it killed 58 Pakistani soldiers and seized 25 posts in overnight “retaliatory” border operations after alleged airspace violations, while Pakistan reported 23 troops killed and claimed to have destroyed Afghan checkpoints, neutralized more than 200 fighters, and taken 19 posts. The clashes shut the Torkham and Chaman crossings, turning back travelers and Afghan refugees; an AP reporter in Chaman heard jets over Spin Boldak and saw smoke after an explosion. Saudi Arabia and Qatar urged restraint, and the Taliban foreign minister, visiting India, said Kabul respects those calls but will defend itself.

Prepared by Rachel Morgan and reviewed by editorial team.