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A Yale study reveals how morphogens WNT and Sonic Hedgehog direct early human brain development. Using a novel device and stem cell-derived organoids, researchers demonstrated that a five-day exposure to these signals initiates gene programs shaping brain regions. Interestingly, sensitivity to these morphogens varied significantly between individuals and even within the same person's cell lines, indicating both genetic and epigenetic influences on brain development. This highlights the flexible yet robust nature of early brain development and offers insights into individual differences at the molecular level.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.