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A massive power outage affecting Spain and Portugal on Monday was likely caused by the electricity grid's inability to handle a surge in solar power. Experts suggest a lack of readily available, reliable energy sources (firm power) from fossil fuels or nuclear to compensate for the fluctuating solar supply contributed to the grid instability. While Spain's grid operator denies renewables caused the vulnerability, former regulators and experts point to the high reliance on solar and insufficient firm power as key factors. Investigations are ongoing, with suggestions ranging from solar oversupply to rapid production drops due to cloud cover. The incident has sparked debate regarding Spain's renewable energy policy and the need for better grid management and alternative energy sources like nuclear or increased battery storage.

Prepared by Jonathan Pierce and reviewed by editorial team.