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Global CO2 concentrations jumped by a record 3.5 ppm to 424 ppm in 2024, the largest annual rise since measurements began in 1957, the World Meteorological Organization reports. Scientists warn that relentless fossil fuel burning, historic wildfire emissions in the Americas during the hottest year on record, and a weakening of land and ocean carbon sinks are driving a feedback loop. With El Niño compounding heat and researchers noting an “unprecedented failure of the land sink,” the WMO says cutting emissions is vital as methane and nitrous oxide also hit record highs.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.