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Coral reefs have become the first environmental system to cross a climate tipping point, a new Global Tipping Points report warns, calling the crisis unprecedented. University of Exeter researchers say warming oceans have pushed reefs into self‑perpetuating dieback, with bleaching now the most extensive and intense ever recorded and an estimated 84% of reefs under heat stress. With global warming around 1.4°C above preindustrial levels, scientists urge immediate action ahead of COP30, noting other systems—Amazon rainforest, ocean currents, Greenland ice—are nearing thresholds even as renewables expand.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.