The Taliban said it attacked Pakistani troops along the northern border in retaliation for an alleged airspace violation and a market bombing in Paktika. Kabul claimed 58 Pakistani personnel were killed; Islamabad put its toll at 23 and said 200 Taliban and affiliates were neutralized. Both sides used small arms and artillery in the Kunar–Kurram region, with heavy night fire reported at multiple points. The Torkham and Chaman crossings closed, stranding hundreds of trucks. Pakistan called the strikes unprovoked and on civilians; Afghanistan said it was safeguarding its territory. Saudi Arabia and Qatar urged restraint.

Prepared by Rachel Morgan and reviewed by editorial team.