The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their pivotal research on immune tolerance. Their discoveries explain how the body's immune system is regulated to combat microbes while preventing autoimmune diseases. This groundbreaking work, which began in 1995, has opened new avenues for treating conditions like cancer and autoimmune disorders, solidifying their contribution to understanding immune system function.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.