Coffee production faces significant challenges including climate change, shrinking arable land, and pest outbreaks, potentially increasing costs and altering taste. Growers are grappling with rising temperatures, erratic weather, and a dwindling labor force, often living in poverty due to volatile international market prices. Researchers are exploring climate-resilient coffee varieties like stenophylla and robusta, and even synthetic coffee, as the industry adapts to a changing environment.

Prepared by Christopher Adams and reviewed by editorial team.