NASA's Perseverance rover has discovered evidence of multiple periods of water flow in Mars' Jezero Crater, suggesting potential habitability. Analysis of 24 minerals reveals three distinct water-rock interaction phases: initially high-temperature acidic water, followed by moderate neutral conditions, and finally widespread low-temperature alkaline conditions—the most favorable for life. This complex history, identified using the MIST algorithm and PIXL instrument, strengthens the possibility of past life on Mars. The findings build on previous discoveries of an ancient lake and river delta in Jezero.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.