Japan's population declined by 908,574 in 2024, marking the steepest annual drop since 1968. Births hit a record low of 686,061, while deaths reached nearly 1.6 million. This is the 16th consecutive year of population decline, straining pension and healthcare systems. While foreign residents reached a record high, immigration remains a politically sensitive issue. Despite government incentives, low birth rates persist due to high living costs, stagnant wages, and traditional gender roles.

Prepared by Emily Rhodes and reviewed by editorial team.