A decade-long mystery surrounding the mass die-off of over 5 billion sea stars along the Pacific coast has been solved. Scientists identified Vibrio pectenicida bacteria in the sea stars' coelomic fluid as the culprit behind the wasting disease. The bacteria, also found in shellfish, caused lesions, arm loss, and eventual death in numerous species, with sunflower sea stars being particularly affected. This discovery opens avenues for interventions, including relocation, captive breeding, and exploring potential natural immunity or probiotic treatments. Restoring sea star populations is crucial for the health of Pacific Ocean ecosystems, as they control sea urchin populations, which in turn help maintain kelp forests.

Prepared by Olivia Bennett and reviewed by editorial team.