Israel and the US launched a surprise attack on Iran, killing hundreds and targeting military leaders and nuclear scientists. The assault, unprecedented in its scale, shattered Iran's perceived invincibility. While Iran retaliated, causing damage in Israel, the attacks haven't led to regime change. Instead, there are fears of increased domestic repression and a more hawkish foreign policy. Iran's leadership, particularly Supreme Leader Khamenei, faces scrutiny, while the fate of reformists remains uncertain. The attacks have reinforced hardliners' views, potentially hindering future diplomatic efforts.

Prepared by Rachel Morgan and reviewed by editorial team.